Setting Collateral
Why Set Collateral?
In simple terms, collateral prevents someone from bearing the cost of executing a script on-chain if it fails. Even if the execution fails, CPU and memory are still used, which incurs costs. On the Cardano chain, collateral acts as a safety net: if the execution fails, the collateral covers the expenses. Typically, 2–5 ADA is set as collateral.
Why Not Just Deduct the Transaction Fee?
Because:
- On Cardano, transaction fees are only settled when the transaction succeeds.
- If the transaction validation fails, it never becomes an on-chain transaction.
- Therefore, there’s no “entry point” to deduct fees.
Collateral is designed as a compensation channel for this mechanism.
Difference from Ethereum
In Ethereum:
- Gas is prepaid.
- Failed transactions still consume Gas.
In Cardano:
- Transaction fees are only charged on success.
- Therefore, a separate guarantee mechanism is required for failures.
This is one of the design differences of the UTxO model.
How to Set It Up (Lace Wallet)
Find the Settings button.
Click to enter.
Find Collateral.
Click to enter. Most wallets set 5 ADA as collateral.
This shows the collateral has been set.